An efficient marine fenders system saves the ship from external damages that would have otherwise occurred to the hull plates or to the berth or jetty, which comes in contact with the steel plates of the ship. Ideally a marine fender system should be cost effective, with low maintenance cost and high durability.

While berthing, the navigator of the ship has to consider the amount of berthing energy involved. It is actually a product of various variants.

• Approach velocity / the eccentricity factor: rotational movement generated by a reaction force when the bow or stern comes in contact with the marine fenders at the berth
• Berthing configuration factor: the amount of energy absorbed by the cushion effect of the water between the quay wall of the berth and the approaching vessel
• The softness factor: the energy absorbed by the deformation of the ship’s hull and the shore marine fender
• Abnormal energy: the energy that exceeds the normal berthing energy when berthing is done in abnormal conditions such as inclement weather, during human or technical error or an ominous combination of all three

Herein the marine fender, which is fitted in their interface, becomes active. It deflects and reduces the berthing energy drastically without causing permanent damage to the hull of the vessel or concrete of the berth. Naturally marine fenders should have high force absorption capacity without exerting a reactive force upon the quay.

A method of reducing mooring forces imparted onto the pier head platform by parallel ship motion would be to use marine fenders. Large pneumatic fenders could be arranged alongside the pier head platform as per the image below:

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